yam

Yam is a starchy tuber that belongs to the Dioscorea genus. It is a versatile and widely consumed crop, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Yams are an important source of food and have cultural significance in many countries. Here are some key points about yams:
Types of Yam: There are several species of yam, but the most commonly cultivated and consumed are the Dioscorea rotundata (white yam) and Dioscorea alata (water yam). These species differ in appearance, flavor, and texture.

Nutritional Value: Yams are a good source of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and various vitamins and minerals. They are particularly rich in vitamin C, potassium, and manganese. Yams also contain antioxidants and phytonutrients, which contribute to their health benefits.

It’s worth noting that the term “yam” is sometimes used interchangeably with “sweet potato” in certain regions, particularly in the United States. However, yams and sweet potatoes are botanically distinct plants and have different characteristics.

 

Species/Varieties of yam and their botanical names:

 

Varieties botanical names
The white yam Dioscorea rotundata
Yellow yam Dioscorea cayennensis
Water yam Dioscorea alata
Chinese yam Dioscorea polystachya
Wild bitter yam Dioscorea esculenta
Bitter yam Dioscorea dumetorum
Cush-cush yam Dioscorea trifida

Nomenclature

Botanical Name Dioscorea alata
Family Dioscoreaceae
Genus Dioscorea
Species villosa
Types The white yam, Yellow yam, Water yam, Chinese yam, Wild bitter yam, Bitter yam, Cush-cush yam

Planting Guide

Flowers

Flower Color: Gold/Yellow, Green
Flower Inflorescence: Panicle, Raceme
Flower Bloom Time: Spring, Summer

Fruits

Fruit Color: Brown/Copper, Green
Display/Harvest Time: Fall

Leaves

Leaf Value To Gardener: Showy
Leaf Type: Simple
Leaf Arrangement: Alternate
Leaf Shape: Cordate
Hairs Present: No
Leaf Length: 3-6 inches
Leaf Width: 1-3 inches

Collect Seeds
Harvest  

Tubers are ready to harvest when the vines die back in late autumn. Excavate carefully to avoid damaging the skin, and start a fair way back from the leaf stem. Tubers can be stored for many months in a cool, dry place.

Soil Texture Loam (Silt) , Sand
Soil Drainage Good Drainage, Moist, Occasionally Dry
Soil Chemistry

pH range of 5.5-7.0

Cultivation

Germination 25 days
Bloom

Temperature (Climate)
Temperature 30ºC
Light Full sun
Health Benefits

✓ Nutrient-rich: Yams are a good source of important vitamins and minerals such as vitamin C, vitamin B6, potassium, manganese, and dietary fiber. These nutrients play vital roles in supporting overall health, including immune function, heart health, and digestion.
✓ Antioxidant properties: Yams contain various antioxidants, including vitamin C and beta-carotene. Antioxidants help protect the body against damage caused by harmful free radicals, reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and certain types of cancer.
✓ Digestive health: The high fiber content in yams promotes healthy digestion and regular bowel movements. Fiber adds bulk to the stool, aids in preventing constipation, and supports a healthy gut microbiome.
✓ Blood sugar control: Yams have a lower glycemic index compared to some other carbohydrate-rich foods, meaning they have a slower and steadier impact on blood sugar levels. This can be beneficial for individuals managing blood sugar control, such as those with diabetes.
✓ Heart health: Yams are a good source of potassium, a mineral that helps regulate blood pressure. Adequate potassium intake can support cardiovascular health by promoting normal blood pressure levels.
✓ Weight management: Yams are relatively low in calories and high in fiber, which can contribute to a feeling of fullness and satiety. Including yams in a balanced diet may help with weight management goals.